How To Run Linux on a USB Drive
Linux, USB Drive, Device Hacks March 10th, 2006
Getting Linux to run on a USB Drive may easily seem to be an overwhelming process, but we put together a very simple guide that an absolute novice could follow.
We successfully installed a distribution of Damn Small Linux on a Lexar 512mb Secure Disk USB 2.0 Jump Drive and it worked quickly and flawlessly. There’s no guarantee that every USB Drive will boot Linux using this method (for example, the new Imation 256mb Wristband Drives would not work properly), but we feel a vast majority will work fine.
Things Needed to Begin
- USB Storage Device - (256mb or larger recommended using USB 2.0)
- PC that can boot from a USB Device (check your BIOS or your User Manual)
- Damn Small Linux (DSL) Distro
- Syslinux 3.11
- HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool
1.0 Formatting The USB Storage Device
1.1) Insert your USB Storage Device into an empty USB slot on your PC.
1.2) Download and Install the HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool. Once the usb disk storage format tool is installed, run it by double clicking its icon on the desktop.
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1.3) Use the following settings in the HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool

- Device: The name and capacity of your storage device
- File system: FAT
- Volume label: Name it what you want (I chose LINUX)
- Confirm the Format by clicking Yes.
- Once the Format is complete it will give you a list of information about the file system, volume, etc. about your device. Click OK.
2.0 Extracting Necessary Files
2.1) Download and Extract the Damn Small Linux distro (dsl-embedded.zip) to your USB device using Win-Zip or any extraction software.

2.2) Download and Extract all the files from syslinux-3.11 to a folder named Syslinux on your primary hard drive (mine is C:)

2.3) Go to the Run Menu (Click Start> Run) and open the Command Prompt by entering cmd and pressing Enter (or Click OK).

2.4) At the Command Prompt type cd c:\syslinux\win32 (substitute c: for the drive letter of your hard drive) and Press Enter

Type syslinux.exe -f F: (F: reprents the drive letter of my USB Device. Yours may be different. GET THIS RIGHT). Press Enter.

Type exit to close the Command Prompt

3.0 Booting to Linux
3.1) Keep your USB Device plugged in and Reboot your PC.
3.2) Enter your BIOS setup (usually by pressing F2 or DEL) and set your Boot order to boot from the USB Device First. Exit your BIOS and Save the Changes. Since there are MANY different BIOS you must figure out on your own if your PC supports booting from USB.
If all goes well you’ll be presented with Damn Small Linux’s Boot Screen. Press Enter and continue the boot process.








January 28th, 2007 at 6:09 am
I read the article, I want to use linux , but I don’t know where to star, so I want to know if this is going to wirk in laptops?
January 28th, 2007 at 6:34 am
Hi
Seems to be a nice way to check out if Linux runs without trouble with all hardware features in a laptop. But the instructions above doesn’t tell how to restore the USB drive to its delivery state, in case you later on want to use it as a regular USB drive with for instance Bill’s OS. Perhaps it simple, but it would be nice to know anyway.
January 28th, 2007 at 7:20 am
I followed the instructions but when It is scaning the flash drive appear a message that KNOPPIX file system can not be found? why… how can I fix it?
January 28th, 2007 at 7:56 am
Per:
If you would like your USB back in its original state, just run the HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool once again just as instructed in step 1.3.
Victor:
Try reloading all the files onto your USB drive once again. The KNOPPIX file may have corrupted or not transferred properly.
January 29th, 2007 at 6:47 pm
I don’t suppose anyone knows if this would work for other things as well.
January 29th, 2007 at 9:36 pm
what other things? from the feedback it seems that the hp tool is popular amongst digital camera users to format SD cards.
January 30th, 2007 at 6:49 am
People are installing Linux on SD-Cards using this tutorial!
January 30th, 2007 at 10:53 am
not really, they are using the hp tool to format their sd card from what I have seen it might be possible though. got any sd cards laying around?
January 30th, 2007 at 11:12 am
http://www.linuxboards.org/showthread.php?t=2388
January 30th, 2007 at 11:38 am
wow that is awesome
February 1st, 2007 at 12:54 am
I CAN’T DOWNLOAD Syslinux 3.11
CAN SOME ONE HELP
THANKS
February 1st, 2007 at 12:58 am
fixed it
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/Old/syslinux-1.31.zip
February 2nd, 2007 at 3:28 pm
Hi
I would like to start Linux from the USB stick on both Mac and Windows PC.
Is there a (simple) way to do that?
Thanks
February 3rd, 2007 at 8:50 pm
none
February 11th, 2007 at 4:56 pm
I’ve gotten this to work with DSL, Ubuntu, and Knoppix. The only problem I’ve had it getting any of them to recognize my built in wireless.
February 14th, 2007 at 5:54 pm
okay there might not be an easy way ins there a hard way? to boot usb linux from only a mac.
February 14th, 2007 at 5:55 pm
when you want to boot normally you just shut down and reboot right?
February 15th, 2007 at 8:34 pm
That’s right!
February 20th, 2007 at 12:44 pm
Gary stated above that he hot this to work on Ubuntu. I tried the same process, however I get an error message “Could not find kernel image: Linux”. Any ideas?
February 20th, 2007 at 1:22 pm
OK. I got the OS to find the kernel image. I had to type “/casper/vmlinuz initrd=/casper/initrd.gz” for it to work. However, I am not having a new problem. The OS seems to be loading OK until it reaches the following line: [17179582.0840000] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi removeable disk data - it holds here for about 6 minutes then I get the following prompt:
Done.
ALERT! does not exist. Dropping to a shell!
BusyBox v1.1.3 (Debian 1:1.1.3-2ubuntu3) Built-in shell (ash)
Enter ‘help’ for a list of built-in commands.
/bin/sh: can’t access tty; job control turned off
(initramfs)_
Any ideas? Thanks.
February 23rd, 2007 at 11:00 am
I used these instructions to install DSL on my Lexar 512 mb jump drive and it worked fine. The guys in the office were really impressed. The only problem I had was that DSL did not pick up the broadcom nic card on the machine I used to boot with. I am looking for instructions on how to remedy this.
Anyway I want to thank the people that put up these nice and clear instructions. Thanks.
February 23rd, 2007 at 11:15 am
You’re welcome! Hopefully I can help you even further. I did a quick-google on your networking problem and found the following site: http://damnsmalllinux.org/cgi-bin/forums/ikonboard.cgi?act=ST;f=7;t=6263;hl=dhcp
Maybe it will help!
February 23rd, 2007 at 11:22 am
Hello,just followed the step for dsl embedded and when booting from usb-hdd i get the letter J and nothing happen can anyone help?
February 24th, 2007 at 4:33 am
Check your bios: There have to be USB-HDD / USB-ZIP
Then youll be able to use it on your Laptop!
February 26th, 2007 at 4:33 pm
Going through the steps above, got syslinux installed through the link here, but when I type in the command syslinux -f E: (my usb is E), I get an ERROR: usage: syslinux .
can anyone help?
March 1st, 2007 at 9:14 am
Sorry Ryan, i’ve no solution for you …
but i’ve another problem …
i try to lunch DSL on an old computer with floppy drive, but i’ve a message :
“can’t find KNOPPIX filesystem, sorry.
Dropping you to a ( very limited ) shell.
commands aivalable :
cat / mount / umoint / insmod / rmmod / lsmod ”
if someone had a solution pleazzzzzz
( i hope you understood my message, i’ve a terrible english … )
March 1st, 2007 at 9:40 am
solution’s found ^^’
just use syslinux with floppy… :$ :$ :$ :$
really sorry …
March 3rd, 2007 at 2:03 am
I tried reloading all the files onto my usb again but still I get the NOPPIX error when I boot up. Help?
March 4th, 2007 at 3:15 pm
My flash drive incorrectly reports that it has 1,000 GB of memory capicity instead of 1,000 MB of memory and I don’t know how to change it. When trying to format the drive, I get “volume to big”, and can’t change the default of 1 TB to the actual 1 GB.
March 12th, 2007 at 1:55 pm
I cannot format the drive using this utility - I get “media is write protected” error. This despite the fact I can format it using Windoze.
March 13th, 2007 at 12:19 am
How would I make the Atheros AR5001X+ Wireless Network Adapter on Toshiba work with this installation?
March 16th, 2007 at 10:02 am
Kumar >>> Laptop wireless networking with Linux is notoriously tricky (because of great variability in chipsets, firmware and drivers in proprietary PCMCIA cards). Try
http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/wiki/index.php/Quick_HOWTO_:_Ch13_:_Linux_Wireless_Networking
March 16th, 2007 at 2:43 pm
Hi I use the DSL Linux. I installed DSL Linux on my 1GB Canyon USB pen drive, but i want install other programs, dsl linux require root login password. Please send me this password. In shell i try to login but unsuccesful.
Please!
A beginner!
March 16th, 2007 at 7:08 pm
I believe the default User and Password are both: root
March 19th, 2007 at 3:47 am
Gary, your Wi-Fi problem:
I have Kubuntu Edgy 6.10 because of the Wi-Fi scanner - and other reasons. Ubuntu wasn’t my favorite. Anyway…
Did you check the Ubuntu User Guide in the help section?
Did you check system settings to see if the card was recognised?
Did you download the firmware packages or drivers for it?
Did you see if you could use ndiswrapper and Windows drivers?
In my case, I had a Broadcom 4306 which showed up in settings.
First I tried Ndiswrapper and original drivers but no dice.
Then I looked for EXACTLY was system settings said…BCM43XX.
When I Googled for BCM43XX UBUNTU my answer was solved.
Now I keep the BCM43XX .deb packages and installation instructions on my USB stick and LACIE drive. Whenever I wan’t wireless from Ubuntu Live CD…I just click on the package. Then I type sudo modprobe bcm43xx to install the driver.
March 20th, 2007 at 4:58 pm
[…] ¿Necesitas Linux en tu ordenador pero no quieres tener que instalarlo? ¿Deseas ejecutar programas que funcionan bajo Linux? ¿Simplemente deseas cacharrear con Linux sin tener que cacharrear con tu ordenador? Para esto y para muchas cosas más te puede servir lo que vamos a contarte aquí y que apareció publicado hace un año en esta web. […]
March 24th, 2007 at 5:05 pm
I have the same problem as poster #20
———–
Erik Says:
February 20th, 2007 at 1:22 pm
OK. I got the OS to find the kernel image. I had to type “/casper/vmlinuz initrd=/casper/initrd.gz” for it to work. However, I am not having a new problem.
———–
Did you or anyone else find a solution to this one? Admin, could you try to contact this poster at his email please? Btw, I was trying to install Kubuntu. Thanks!
March 27th, 2007 at 5:03 pm
Awnser To question 25: by Ryan
When writing in “syslinux.exe -f F:” dont change the -f to your drive just change F: so it would be
syslinux.exe -f E: (if your drive is E)
Thats what fixed mine anyway
March 30th, 2007 at 5:53 am
it’s an amazing thing. thanks to all the developer. by using this i can find out all the data from my hard disk. thanks again..
March 30th, 2007 at 7:27 am
I’ve formated and installed DSL on my 256Mb USB key. I’ve also did the syslinux -f command. I’ve also set up my BIOS to boot from USB.
But, NO LUCK. It reads the USB, then my PC boots in WINDOWS XP. Is there something I didn’t do right? Did I missed something?
Please Help.
April 7th, 2007 at 7:19 am
do any of you know if this works with x-dsl
April 9th, 2007 at 9:53 am
Can this be done using an ISO image instead of a zip file?
I’ve tried using this procedure to load Mandriva One (with the 3D desktop) to a USB stick and I’m hitting a roadblock.
Has anyone been successful doing this?
If so, could you please share any steps that should be added to these instructions?
TIA!
April 10th, 2007 at 7:13 pm
Can this be done from a Mac?
April 12th, 2007 at 9:18 pm
hi,
I did everthing as per the guide.
then i boot with the usb key and i got the SDL screen, but when i push enter nothing happen .
can anybody help ?
April 18th, 2007 at 10:01 am
Chandi, I had to remove my usb mouse otherwise the dell seemed to ignore the usb boot and went straight on to boot into windows on the hd, dont know if that is any help?
April 19th, 2007 at 8:20 pm
I can’t download DSL Distro!
April 20th, 2007 at 2:17 am
I’ve had no problems following all the instructions, except one. When you tell it to boot to USB firsy, I have a few options, including USB HDD, USB FDD and a couple more. Which one? Either way, I’ve tried them all and it just boots straight into Windoze Ek Spee
April 20th, 2007 at 1:24 pm
I tried to format a 38 GB usb dr with the HP utility and
I get a ‘Volume is too big’ error. Does this only work for
volumes up to 1GB?
April 27th, 2007 at 12:57 pm
@mike meales
I was able to use it to format a 4GB OCZ Rally2 drive. I’m not sure where the cap is. Interesting note: I used (for another purpose) the “Make DOS” command, but that part didn’t do anything
—————–
If anyone knows how the whole USB-ZIP, USB-FDD, USB-CDROM thing matters, let us know? The test comp I’m using has those three, but no USB-HDD.
April 28th, 2007 at 12:38 pm
I have that problem where it says “cannot find KNOPPIX filesystem” Can somebody help me please?
May 18th, 2007 at 2:47 pm
I try this, but i got a black screen with a “j” on leftside
on booting from USB flash Drive. Please help
May 18th, 2007 at 3:20 pm
Just a curious question, does the HP format tool do anything more to the drive in format than the built in windows tool to format drives?
June 4th, 2007 at 8:57 am
In trying this I ran into a few roadblocks. First - when I formatted the USB it is required to have MS-DOS files available unless one is using an HP specific USB key. You can get a bootdisk from bootdisk.com. Then - when readin the problem with syslinux, it states some systems have problems so to use the -s switch for a safe slow install. thus c:\syslinux -s (drivekey F;, J; whatever). Finally I ran into the KNOPPIX system not found problem. Use f2 at the DSL boot screen and type in EXPERT it will discover the correct location. Just answer no to all questions.
June 6th, 2007 at 9:12 pm
http://www.pendrivelinux.com
Offers tutorials on installing DSL, as well as Ubuntu, Knoppix, Slax, and PCLinuxOS to USB drives.
Hope this helps.
June 15th, 2007 at 10:36 am
I followed the instructions on http://www.pendrivelinux.com to install knoppix and also got a blank screen with a letter J on the top left corner. Also need help!
June 20th, 2007 at 1:48 pm
dell inspiron e1505 got dsl up with no problems ver 3.4
it did not load drivers for either wireless ethernet or built in card. ran modconf nothing happened. have suse 10.2 loaded on desktop with no problems. need help on loading drivers for dell.
Thx
June 20th, 2007 at 2:30 pm
Chris, the tutorial at http://pendrivelinux.com works wonderfully for me. Maybe you have a corrupt download?
July 7th, 2007 at 8:36 pm
how do i do that:
http://www.althack.com/images/stories/DeviceHacks/LinuxUSB/9-commandprompt.jpg
i only can do it like thi:
documents and settings
and not
C:\syslinux
thanks
August 20th, 2007 at 12:00 pm
You can also try feather linux and puppy linux. Feather Linux works better. With DS linux, you can open dsl-base.bat (in zip file) to have a liveCD type version of DSLinux in a window on windows. Too bad you can’t save anything that way.
August 20th, 2007 at 12:03 pm
bys, please clarify. Do you want command prompt help? maybe the slashes are the wrong way. I don’t really know, unless you clarify.
August 20th, 2007 at 1:09 pm
Does this require a Pendrive or can I simply use a 2 Gbyte Compact Flash card from my camera?
I know that may sound like a dumb question but I can not get this to boot.
It hangs at the line in the boot sequence where it is trying to setup USB devices. I waited about 15 minutes before I gave up and posted this.
I disconnnected all my usb devices but my keyboard and mouse are USB.
I know the ‘boot from’ works as
I am able to boot from a CD and run Linux just fine if I make a bootable CD from the Knoppix 5.1 ISO
Plus this PC is almost as modern as they get since it was built by HP (it’s a ‘loaded’ 2Gbyte Dual Core Duo) in January of 2007
Plus I can boot from this Flash disk into Dos using that HP tool (yes, I have a version of MSDOS safely stoired away)
My PC has a front panel that allows one to plug in CF,SmartMedia,SD,MS,etc. Flash memory cards so it seems a shame to waste good money on havign to buy a pendrive.
I have a 2 Gbyte SanDisk Extreme II CF sitting around because my new camera requires an SD card.
I was using that CF card for the ReadyBoost cache in VIsta but cpould not tell any difference in speed so why not use the CF card as my Linux boot Flash.
August 22nd, 2007 at 12:53 pm
I need help!!! when i try to format my 1 GB USB DRIVE i got an error “device media is write-protected” how can i fix this? I try everything and i can’t fix it… can you help me please…
thanks bye
September 15th, 2007 at 11:12 pm
I am having trouble with this
The disk formatting tool does not detect my sd card at /sda1/. It labels all the drives as (0mb)
I am running Sabayon Linux with KDE 2.1
Could it be that my sd card is being handled by Sabayon and not detected in Wine?
September 16th, 2007 at 7:04 am
what if i want to use grub as my bootloader? can anyone help me?
September 17th, 2007 at 4:49 pm
Does anyone know if there is a way to simply run an emulation of Linux from Windows. Most of the riggs and pc’s i work with can’t boot from USB. But I need something that I can use for flexibility. From my experience with it, Linux seems to be the thing. I’ve seen people do emulated windows-based versions of the old Mac-OS (mac-on-stick) and since both are unix based, I don’t see why it’s not possible.
September 24th, 2007 at 4:08 am
Hi all,And thanks for this good instruction
i did it and everything worked,except my “mouse”
the pointer stick in the middle of screen and mouse
don’t work…in boot screen it detect my mouse and show this :
“mouse is Generic PS/2 Wheel mouse at /dev/psaux”
is there any solution for that?
many thanks in advance
add:those how have problem fomatting their usb drives or received error message running “syslinux.exe -f *” command;should try doing this under “admin account”(at least it was the case for me in Winxp)
October 11th, 2007 at 5:33 am
Friends, Any specific reason to use the HP utility to format the Thumb drive? cant we just format using windows explorer itself? [right click on the drive and click on format?]
Regards!
December 28th, 2007 at 12:03 pm
I’ve managed to boot linux from usb. But I found that it can’t auto-mount the plug-in usb stick. Do anyone have the same problem?
January 8th, 2008 at 2:17 am
I installed everything right and got it to start booting but it gets to “loading ohci1934.o…” and stays there. WTF?
January 21st, 2008 at 9:37 am
ro6Gym hi great site thx http://peace.com
January 23rd, 2008 at 4:48 pm
I don’t suppose you have a way of doing this from a Linux Computer. Some of us have never used a Microsoft Computer and don’t have one.
February 2nd, 2008 at 10:22 am
my says could fine kernel : linux anyone know what to do ???
please add my msn re267@hotmail.com plz
February 3rd, 2008 at 10:18 pm
I can’t download DSL plz help
February 4th, 2008 at 10:08 am
Try this: http://tinyurl.com/ytcc7e
I will update the article to reflect this change. Thanks for noticing.
February 18th, 2008 at 9:04 pm
well, i was wondering, on the second step with cmd, if my flash drive letter was G: would i type: syslinux -f G: or…. syslinux -g G:???
February 19th, 2008 at 9:20 am
syslinux -f G:
February 20th, 2008 at 1:35 pm
4iAR5R hi nice site thx http://peace.com
February 22nd, 2008 at 6:50 pm
just go to the DSL download page:
http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/download.html
you should see the “embedded” one in the list on any mirror.
March 17th, 2008 at 7:01 pm
Is the HP USB format tool really necessary? Can’t the same formatting be achieved by right-clicking on the drive in Windows Explorer and choosing “Format..” and then opting for FAT?
March 26th, 2008 at 12:07 pm
Wow O Wow that was easy. I like it. This has potential for me. Thanks big time
April 14th, 2008 at 5:13 am
>Ventra2000 Says:
>June 4th, 2007 at 8:57 am
>In trying this I ran into a few roadblocks. >First - when I formatted the USB it is >required to have MS-DOS files available >unless one is using an HP specific USB key. >You can get a bootdisk from bootdisk.com. >Then - when readin the problem with >syslinux, it states some systems have >problems so to use the -s switch for a safe >slow install. thus c:\syslinux -s (drivekey >F;, J; whatever). Finally I ran into the >KNOPPIX system not found problem. Use f2 at >the DSL boot screen and type in EXPERT it >will discover the correct location. Just >answer no to all questions
Thank you very much Ventra2000 !
c:\syslinux -s
is a cool solution of problem “can’t find KNOPPIX filesystem”
and now booting from my transcend 64Mb works great!:)
April 21st, 2008 at 1:37 pm
Linux rules, thanks for the info
April 24th, 2008 at 6:08 pm
The step-by-step really helps
May 1st, 2008 at 2:40 pm
Great article!
This Linux realy very fast )
May 2nd, 2008 at 10:21 am
You might want to correct the DSL link too: ftp://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/distributions/damnsmall/current/dsl-4.3-embedded.zip